กตมญฺจาวุโส ทุกฺขนิโรธคามินี ปฏิปทา อริยสจฺจํ ฯ✎ ร่าง
Katamañcāvuso, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ?
And what is the noble truth of the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering?
อยเมว อริโย อฏฺฐงฺคิโก มคฺโค เสยฺยถีทํ✎ ร่าง
Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṁ—
It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:
สมฺมาทิฏฺฐิ สมฺมาสงฺกปฺโป
สมฺมาวาจา สมฺมากมฺมนฺโต สมฺมาอาชีโว สมฺมาวายาโม สมฺมาสติ
สมฺมาสมาธิ ฯ✎ ร่าง
sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi.
right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.
กตมา จาวุโส สมฺมาทิฏฺฐิ✎ ร่าง
Katamā cāvuso, sammādiṭṭhi?
And what is right view?
ยํ โข อาวุโส ทุกฺเข
ญาณํ ทุกฺขสมุทเย ญาณํ ทุกฺขนิโรเธ ญาณํ ทุกฺขนิโรธคามินิยา
ปฏิปทาย ญาณํ✎ ร่าง
Yaṁ kho, āvuso, dukkhe ñāṇaṁ, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṁ, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṁ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṁ,
Knowing about suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.
อยํ วุจฺจตาวุโส สมฺมาทิฏฺฐิ ฯ✎ ร่าง
ayaṁ vuccatāvuso: ‘sammādiṭṭhi’.
This is called right view.
กตโม จาวุโส สมฺมาสงฺกปฺโป✎ ร่าง
Katamo cāvuso, sammāsaṅkappo?
And what is right purpose?
อ้างอิงสยามรัฐ 14.454
เนกฺขมฺมสงฺกปฺโป@เชิงอรรถ: ๑-๒ โป. ม. ยุ. ทุกฺขสมุทยํ ฯ ๓-๔ โป. ม. ยุ. ทุกฺขนิโรธํ ฯ
อพฺยาปาทสงฺกปฺโป อวิหึสาสงฺกปฺโป✎ ร่าง
Nekkhammasaṅkappo, abyāpādasaṅkappo, avihiṁsāsaṅkappo,
Purposes of renunciation, good will, and harmlessness.
อยํ วุจฺจตาวุโส
สมฺมาสงฺกปฺโป ฯ✎ ร่าง
ayaṁ vuccatāvuso: ‘sammāsaṅkappo’.
This is called right purpose.
กตมา จาวุโส สมฺมาวาจา✎ ร่าง
Katamā cāvuso, sammāvācā?
And what is right speech?
—
Musāvādā veramaṇī, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī,
Refraining from lying, backbiting, harsh speech, and talking nonsense.
—
ayaṁ vuccatāvuso: ‘sammāvācā’.
This is called right speech.
—
Katamo cāvuso, sammākammanto?
And what is right action?
อ้างอิงฉัฏฐสังคายนา 14.301 · พุทธชยันตี 12.518
—
Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī,
Refraining from killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
—
ayaṁ vuccatāvuso: ‘sammākammanto’.
This is called right action.
—
Idhāvuso, ariyasāvako micchāājīvaṁ pahāya sammāājīvena jīvikaṁ kappeti,
It’s when a noble disciple gives up wrong livelihood and earns a living by right livelihood.
—
ayaṁ vuccatāvuso: ‘sammāājīvo’.
This is called right livelihood.
—
Katamo cāvuso, sammāvāyāmo?
And what is right effort?
อ้างอิงPTS 3.252
—
Idhāvuso, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati,
It’s when a mendicant generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful qualities don’t arise.
—
uppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati,
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen are given up.
—
anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati,
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities arise.
—
uppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati,
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful qualities that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are completed by development.
—
ayaṁ vuccatāvuso: ‘sammāvāyāmo’.
This is called right effort.
—
Katamā cāvuso, sammāsati?
And what is right mindfulness?
อ้างอิงสยามรัฐ 14.455
—
Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.
It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.
—
Vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati …pe…
They meditate observing an aspect of feelings …
—
citte cittānupassī viharati …
mind …
—
dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ,
principles—keen, aware, and mindful, rid of covetousness and displeasure for the world.
—
ayaṁ vuccatāvuso: ‘sammāsati’.
This is called right mindfulness.
—
Katamo cāvuso, sammāsamādhi?
And what is right immersion?
อ้างอิงฉัฏฐสังคายนา 14.302
—
Idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati,
It’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected.
—
vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā ajjhattaṁ sampasādanaṁ cetaso ekodibhāvaṁ avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhijaṁ pītisukhaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati,
As the placing of the mind and keeping it connected are stilled, they enter and remain in the second absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of immersion, with internal clarity and mind at one, without placing the mind and keeping it connected.
—
pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati …pe… tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ …pe…
And with the fading away of rapture, they enter and remain in the third absorption, where they meditate with equanimity, mindful and aware, personally experiencing the bliss of which the noble ones declare, ‘Equanimous and mindful, one meditates in bliss.’
—
catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati,
With the giving up of pleasure and pain and the disappearance of former happiness and sadness, they enter and remain in the fourth absorption, without pleasure or pain, with pure equanimity and mindfulness.
—
ayaṁ vuccatāvuso: ‘sammāsamādhi’.
This is called right immersion.
—
Idaṁ vuccatāvuso: ‘dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ’.
This is called the noble truth of the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering.